Electromagnetic Shielding Properties of Knitted Fabric Made from Polyamide Threads Coated with Silver

This paper investigates a textile material of low surface mass for its protection against electromagnetic radiation (EMR), which is suitable for composite structures of garments, and for technical and interior applications. The shielding effectiveness against EMR of fabric knitted from polyamide threads coated with silver, measured in the frequency range of 0.9 GHz to 2.4 GHz, indicated a high degree of protection. The key contribution of the paper is the evaluation of the stability of the shielding properties against EM radiation after applying apolar and polar solvents, in synergy with the cyclic process parameters of wet and dry cleaning. The results of the study confirmed the decline in the shielding effectiveness after successive cycles of material treatment with dry and wet cleaning. The effect of wet cleaning in relation to dry cleaning is more apparent, which is due to the damage of the silver coating on the polyamide threads in the knitted fabric.     

Optimization of Nonambulant Mass Casualty Decontamination Protocols as Part of an Initial or Specialist Operational Response to Chemical Incidents

Objective: The UK's Initial Operational Response (IOR) is a new process for improving the survival of multiple casualties following a chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear incident. Whilst the introduction of IOR represents a patient-focused response for ambulant casualties, there is currently no provision for disrobe and dry decontamination of nonambulant casualties. Moreover, the current specialist operational response (SOR) protocol for nonambulant casualty decontamination (also referred to as “clinical decontamination”) has not been subject to rigorous evaluation or development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to confirm the effectiveness of putatively optimized dry (IOR) and wet (SOR) protocols for nonambulant decontamination in human volunteers. Methods: Dry and wet decontamination protocols were objectively evaluated using human volunteers. Decontamination effectiveness was quantified by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the recovery of a chemical warfare agent simulant (methylsalicylate) from skin and hair of volunteers, with whole-body fluorescence imaging to quantify the skin distribution of residual simulant. Results: Both the dry and wet decontamination processes were rapid (3 and 4 min, respectively) and were effective in removing simulant from the hair and skin of volunteers, with no observable adverse effects related to skin surface spreading of contaminant. Conclusions: Further studies are required to assess the combined effectiveness of dry and wet decontamination under more realistic conditions and to develop appropriate operational procedures that ensure the safety of first responders.     

Antioxidant effects of vitamin D on lacrimal glands against high dose radioiodine-associated damage in an animal model

Purpose: To evaluate antioxidant effects of active vitamin D (calcitriol) against high-dose radioiodine (RAI) therapy-associated damage of lacrimal gland.

Materials and methods: Wistar albino rats were used and divided into three groups randomly (n?=?12/group). The first group was appointed as the negative control group and received no RAI or medication. The second group was appointed as the positive control group that only received 3?mCi/kg (111 MBq/kg) RAI via gastric gavage and the last group was the treatment group that received 3?mCi/kg RAI via same method and calcitriol (200?ng/kg/day) via intraperitoneal administration. Seven days after RAI administration, bilateral intraorbital (IG), extraorbital (EG) and Harderian (HG) glands were removed for the evaluations of histopathologic, tissue cytokine, total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS).

Results: RAI led to significant increase in tissue TOS, TNF-α, IL-6 levels and significant decrease in IL-10 and TAS levels (p?p?p?p?=?0.049), periductal fibrosis in EG and HG (p?=?0.049 and 0.038, respectively), abnormal cell outlines in EG and HG (p?=?0.020 and 0.011, respectively) and variation in cell size in the IG and the HG (p?=?0.003 and 0.049 respectively).

Conclusions: RAI caused significant oxidative stress and inflammation in lacrimal glands. Vitamin D demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and radio-protective effects on lacrimal glands in histopathologic, tissue cytokine and oxidant/antioxidant level evaluations.     

Effect of Dosing Cup Size on the Aerosol Performance of High-Dose Carrier-Based Formulations in a Novel Dry Powder Inhaler

This study investigated how varying the dosing cup size of a novel reservoir dry powder inhaler (DPI) affects the detachment of a micronized active pharmaceutical ingredient from larger carrier particles, and the aerosol performance of a DPI carrier formulation. Three different-sized dosing cups were designed: 3D printed with cup volumes of 16.26 mm³, 55.99 mm³, and 133.04 mm³, and tested with five different carrier type formulations with beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) concentrations between 1% and 30% (w/w). The morphology of the BDP attached to the carrier was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and the aerosol performance using the Next Generation Impactor. Increasing the volume of the dosing cup led to a reduction of BDP deposition in the Next Generation Impactor preseparator, and an increase in BDP detachment from the carrier was observed, leading to increased aerosol performance. The decreased amount of BDP attached to carrier after aerosolization was attributed to the increased dosing cup void volume. This may enable greater particle-particle and particle-wall collisions, with greater BDP detachment from the carrier and deagglomeration of smaller agglomerates. The dosing cup volume was observed to have significant influence on particle dispersion and the overall aerosol performance of a DPI.     

基于控墒补灌的春小麦滴灌制度研究

为优化北疆绿洲区滴灌春小麦的灌溉制度,采用控墒补灌法研究了不同灌水量对滴灌春小麦光合特征、干物质分配及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,拔节～开花期小麦株高、干物质积累量和叶面积指数均随着灌水量的增加显著（P<0.05）升高。小麦旗叶各时期净光合（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）和蒸腾速率（Tr）增加显著（P<0.05）升高,而胞间CO₂浓度（Ci）变化趋势相反;过量灌溉T5各时期Gs均有所降低,Pn和Tr成熟期下降显著（P<0.05）;亏缺灌溉（T1）Pn峰值提前至孕穗期,各时期WUE均最低、LS最高。干物质向籽粒的分配、花前同化物转运率和对籽粒的贡献率随墒度随灌水量增加显著（P<0.05）降低。二次曲线拟合表明,灌水量为371 mm时可取得7 450 kg·hm^-2的高产,灌溉频率约每7 d灌1次是本地区春小麦的最佳灌溉方案。     

滴灌次数对冬小麦根系生长及时空分布的影响

以新冬18号为材料,利用双管分根管栽法,模拟田间试验研究了拔节期后不同滴灌次数W₁（6次）、W₂（7次）、W₃（9次）、W₄（11次）（每次内、外管分别滴30 mm）对0～100 cm土层含水量,0～100 cm土层初、次生根干重和长度、根系活性分布及产量的影响。结果表明,随滴灌次数及总滴灌量的增加,0～40 cm土层的含水量增加,并延缓该土层的初生根干重和根长的衰减、促进次生根干重和根长增长,增加孕穗期至花后20 d初、次生根干重密度、根长密度及根系活性,而对40～100 cm土层根系的生长影响较小。小麦产量和水分利用效率均以W₄最高,分别为25.5 g·管^-1和1.36 kg·m^-3 。当滴灌量少、湿润土层浅时,小麦深层初、次生根生长易受严重抑制,且根系分布浅,初生根提前衰老,导致千粒重降低而减产。     

头帽-J钩与微种植钉压低上颌切牙的疗效比较

目的比较头帽-J钩与微种植钉压低上颌切牙时的临床疗效。方法选择上颌前部牙槽骨发育过度的成年患者21例,分J钩组9例,种植组12例,分别使用头帽-J钩和微种植钉压低切牙,比较2组压入术前后头颅定位侧位片相关指标及矫治时间。结果 2组U1-PP均明显减少(P<0.01),种植组减少量大于头帽-J钩组(P<0.01);U1-Sv种植组增大(P<0.01),头帽-J钩组减少(P<0.01);U1/PP角种植组增大(P<0.01),头帽-J钩组变化不明显(P>0.05);U6-PP2组变化均无统计学差异(P>0.05);U6-Sv种植组增大(P<0.01),J钩组变化无统计学差异(P>0.05);压低时间种植组小于头帽-J钩组(P<0.01)。结论微种植螺钉和头帽-J钩均可以很好的压低切牙,微种植螺钉压入效果优于头帽-J钩,并用时少,但会引起切牙唇倾加重后牙支抗负担。     

Epidermal growth factor receptor in corneal damage: update and new insights from recent reports

Agonist and antagonist drugs acting on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling are emerging as a new possibility for pharmaceutical study and clinical manipulation of some skin and corneal disorders. EGFR activation appears to be effective in reducing the time of reepithelialization after corneal wound healing, with potential uses in penetrating keratoplasty, refractive surgery, alkali burns, diabetic keratopathy, keratopathy following chemotherapy, cornea transplantation, and dry eye. Most of the studies show therapeutic advantages of human recombinant epidermal growth factor (hrEGF) eye drops without showing adverse effects. In contrast, EGFR inhibition delays epithelial cell proliferation and stratification during corneal regeneration.The aim of this review is to summarize the most seminal discoveries and recent advances so as to clarify the role of the EGFR system in corneal physiology and pharmacology. Epidermal growth factor eye drops could be a first-choice treatment for promoting regeneration in numerous epithelial defects in the medium to long term.